Selenium

Selenium is a mineral essential for health, as required by in small quantities.
Selenium is incorporated into proteins to form the selenoproteine of antioxidant enzymes. Besides helping in preventing cell damage by free radicals, the selenoproteine also help to regulate thyroid function and play an important role in the functioning of the immune system.

The dietary intake of selenium is supplied by many foods (vegetables, meat, fish, dried fruit), and the percentage of selenium contained in them varies depending on the selenium content of soil where plants grow or are farmed animals.

The amount of selenium daily is recommended between 55mcg and 70mcg for adults, and 15-20mcg for children.

Although it is difficult to observe in the developed nutrient deficiencies of selenium, it is considered that, if it does occur, the lack of selenium is related to the development of heart disease, hyperthyroidism and weakening of the immune system.
In addition to the nutritional deficiency of selenium, some diseases or viruses may be responsible for the inadequacy of selenium.
Severe gastrointestinal disorders, the surgical removal of part of the stomach, inflammation and / or disseminated infection can impair the ability to absorb selenium or decrease levels in the blood.

Many studies have also shown the properties of selenium in active cases of cancer, heart disease, arthritis and HIV.

Some observational studies have indicated that the incidence of cancer (including the lung, colon-rectal, prostate) is lower among individuals with high levels of selenium in blood or with a high dietary intake of selenium. Moreover, the incidence of skin cancer are significantly higher in areas characterized by soils with low concentrations of selenium. Some research has suggested that selenium could affect the risk of cancer in two ways. As an antioxidant, selenium may help protect the body from free radical damage. It can also prevent or slow the growth of the tumor. Some breakdown products of selenium are considered capable of preventing tumor growth by increasing the action of immune cells. In any case, not all studies have shown a relationship between selenium status and cancer.

Some studies have also suggested an association between a low dietary intake of antioxidants and a higher incidence of heart disease. It's was also noted that the oxidative stress by free radicals, natural byproducts of oxygen metabolism, may increase the risk of heart disease. Selenium is part of that group of antioxidants that can help limit the oxidation of LDL-cholesterol and therefore help prevent coronary artery disorders. But, again, more research is needed.

Selenium appears to play a role even in cases of arthritis. It's was observed that individuals suffering from rheumatoid arthritis with selenium levels in the blood reduced and that some also have a diet low in selenium. The immune system naturally creates free radicals that help to destroy the organisms that invade the body and tissues damaged, but can also affect healthy tissues. Selenium, as an antioxidant, may help alleviate the symptoms of arthritis by controlling levels of free radicals. The research on this possible action is still ongoing.

The HIV virus can cause the decrease in the levels of many nutrients, including selenium. The lack of selenium is associated with reduction of immune cells, increase the progression of the disease, and to the risk of mortality among those affected by HIV / AIDS. HIV / AIDS gradually destroys the immune system and oxidative stress may contribute to damage of immune cells. The antioxidant nutrients such as selenium help protect cells from oxidative stress, thus potentially slowing the progression of the disease.
The research on the relationship between selenium and HIV / AIDS, including the effect of selenium levels on disease progression and mortality, are still in progress.

However, excessive dietary intake of selenium can cause a disorder known as selenium, which is characterized by gastrointestinal malaise, hair loss, white spots on nails, breath that smacks of garlic and light damage to nerves.

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